CEAZA
Genetic diversity and comparison of physicochemical and nutritional characteristics of six quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd.) genotypes cultivated in Chile.
Miranda, M., Vega-Gálvez, A., Martinez, E., López, J., Rodríguez, M., Henríquez, K., & Fuentes, F.
The present study was focused on the analysis of agronomical, nutritional, physicochemical, and antioxidant properties of six genetically different quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) genotypes cultivated in three distinctive geographical zones of Chile. Ancovinto and Cancosa genotypes from the northern Altiplano (19 ºS), Cáhuil and Faro from the central region (34 ºS), and Regalona and Villarica from the southern region (39 ºS) are representative of high genetic differentiation among the pooled samples, in particular between Altiplano and the central-southern groups. A Common-Garden Assay at 30 ºS showed significant differences among seed origins in all morphometric parameters and also in yields. Altiplano genotypes had larger panicule length but no seed production. A significant influence of the different quinoa genotypes on chemical composition and functional properties was also observed. Protein concentration ranged from 11.13 to 16.18 g.100 g–1 d.m., while total dietary fiber content ranged from 8.07-12.08 g.100 g–1 d.m., and both were the highest in Villarrica ecotype. An adequate balance of essential amino acids was also observed. Sucrose was the predominant sugar in all genotypes. Antioxidant activity was high in all genotypes, and it was highest in Faro genotype (79.58% inhibition).
Año: 2012
Palabras claves: quinoa; antioxidant activity; amino acids; functional properties.
Referencia APA: Miranda, M., Vega-Gálvez, A., Martinez, E., López, J., Rodríguez, M., Henríquez, K., & Fuentes, F. (2012). Genetic diversity and comparison of physicochemical and nutritional characteristics of six quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd.) genotypes cultivated in Chile. Food Science And Technology (Campinas), 32(4), 835-843.
Species replacement along a linear coastal habitat: phylogeography and speciation in the red alga Mazzaella laminarioides along the south east pacific.
Montecinos, A., Broitman, B., Faugeron, S., Haye, P., Tellier, F., & Guillemin, M.
The Chilean shoreline, a nearly strait line of coast expanding across 35 latitudinal degrees, represents an interesting region to assess historical processes using phylogeographic analyses. Stretching along the temperate section of the East Pacific margin, the region is characterized by intense geologic activity and has experienced drastic geomorphological transformations linked to eustatic and isostatic changes during the Quaternary. In this study, we used two molecular markers to evaluate the existence of phylogeographic discontinuities and detect the genetic footprints of Pleistocene glaciations among Patagonian populations of Mazzaella laminarioides, a low-dispersal benthic intertidal red seaweed that inhabits along ~3,700 km of the Chilean coastal rocky shore.
Año: 2012
Palabras claves: Phylogeography, South East Pacific coast, COI, rbcL, Red seaweed, Parapatric distribution, Sister-species, complex, Pleistocene glaciations
Referencia APA: Montecinos, A., Broitman, B., Faugeron, S., Haye, P., Tellier, F., & Guillemin, M. (2012). Species replacement along a linear coastal habitat: phylogeography and speciation in the red alga Mazzaella laminarioides along the south east pacific. BMC Evol Biol, 12(1), 97.
Application of the Watershed Sustainability Index to the Elqui river basin, North-Central Chile
Cortés, A., Oyarzún, R., Kretschmer, N., Chaves, H., Soto, G., & Soto, M. et al.
El índice WSI, desarrollado para estimar la sustentabilidad de una cuenca en forma integrada con énfasis en la gestión de recursos hídricos, fue determinado en la Cuenca del Río Elqui considerando un período de 5 años (2001-2005). La cuenca del Río Elqui se ubica en una región semiárida de Chile, y ha sido incorporada a la red de cuencas hidrográficas del programa HELP de la UNESCO. El resultado fue un valor global de 0.61 para el indicador WSI (en el rango de 0 a 1), calificando el nivel de sustentabilidad como "intermedio". Las mayores fortalezas de la cuenca se relacionaron con los indicadores de Ambiente y de Políticas. Por otro lado, las mayores debilidades observadas en la cuenca se relacionaron con el indicador de Hidrología, debido principalmente a la situación de escasez hídrica. La identificación de estas limitantes representan una oportunidad para mejorar la actual situación en la cuenca, lo que obliga a una coordinación más eficiente entre las diferentes instituciones involucradas en la gestión de los recursos naturales. La aplicación del WSI a la Cuenca de Elqui demostró su utilidad como instrumento analítico asi como herramienta de gestión para autoridades relacionadas con el agua, usuarios y grupos de interés. Sin embargo, la actualización de la información local es necesaria para la planificación a mediano y largo plazo y la formulación de estrategias de desarrollo para esta cuenca y otras.
Año: 2012
Palabras claves: gestión integrada de cuencas, hidrología, ambiente, calidad de vida, políticas
Referencia APA: Cortés, A., Oyarzún, R., Kretschmer, N., Chaves, H., Soto, G., & Soto, M. et al. (2012). Application of the Watershed Sustainability Index to the Elqui river basin, North-Central Chile. Obras Y Proyectos, (12), 57-69.
Implications of farmers’ seed exchanges for on-farm conservation of quinoa, as revealed by its genetic diversity in Chile.
Fuentes, F., Bazile, D., Bhargava, A., & Martínez, E.
Quinoa cultivation in Chile presents an ancient and active complex of geographic, climatic, social and cultural interactions that has determined its current biodiversity in the three main growing zones (north, central and south). Importantly, these interactions involve the participation of farmers, whose activities are at the base of seed exchange networks due to their knowledge and in situ conservation of genetic diversity. The present study reports how a better understanding of farmers’ seed exchanges and local production practices could impact the genetic structure and diversity of quinoa at national scale in Chile. Using field interviews and characterization of 20 microsatellite genetic markers in a multi-origin set of 34 quinoa accessions representative of Chile and the South American region, the phenetic analysis of germplasm was consistent with the current classification of quinoa ecotypes present in Chile and Andean zone. This allowed the identification of five populations, which were represented by quinoa of Salares (northern Chile), Coastal/Lowlands (central and southern Chile), Highlands (Peru, Bolivia and Argentina) and Inter-Andean Valleys (Ecuador and Colombia). The highly informative quality of the markers used revealed a wide genetic diversity among main growing areas in Chile, which correlated well with natural geographical–edaphic–climatic and social–linguistic context to the expansion of quinoa biodiversity. Additionally, in addition to ancient seed exchanges, this process is still governed by the diverse agricultural practices of Andean farmers. Genetic erosion is considered an imminent risk due to small-scale farming, where the influence of increased migration of people to urban systems and export-driven changes to the agro-ecosystems may further reduce the diversity of quinoa plants in cultivation.
Año: 2012
Palabras claves:
Referencia APA: Fuentes, F., Bazile, D., Bhargava, A., & Martínez, E. (2012). Implications of farmers’ seed exchanges for on-farm conservation of quinoa, as revealed by its genetic diversity in Chile. J. Agric. Sci., 150(06), 702-716.
What do we know about high-altitude precipitation in the semi-arid Andes of Chile?
Bourgin P, Andreassian V, Gascoin S, Valery A.
Mapping precipitations on a regular grid is often required for hydrological and ecological modelling. The spatial interpolation methods are generally used to estimate such a distribution from ground-based measurements. In the case of mountainous areas, the estimation of precipitation amounts is still a challenging task and the results of spatial interpolation should be verified as much as possible. Here we describe a three-steps method for the validation of a precipitation map. This is used in the context of a mountainous semi-arid region, the Norte Chico in Chile (26°S-32°S). The implementation of this validation method showed the benefits of an interpolation method developed by Valéry [2010] for mountainous areas. The hydrological balance of the high-altitude watersheds is now more realistic.
Año: 2012
Palabras claves: Precipitation, spatial interpolation method, extrapolation, altitude, altitudinal corrections, validation, water equivalent, water balance.
Referencia APA: Bourgin P, Andreassian V, Gascoin S, Valery A. (2012). Que sait-on des précipitations en altitude dans les Andes semi-arides du Chili?. La Houille Blanche. 2012;(2):12-17.