CEAZA
Biological invasions in terrestrial Antarctica: what is the current status and can we respond?.
Hughes, K., Pertierra, L., Molina-Montenegro, M., & Convey, P.
Until recently the Antarctic continent and Peninsula have been little impacted by non-native species, compared to other regions of the Earth. However, reports of species introductions are increasing as awareness of biological invasions as a major conservation threat, within the context of increased human activities and climate change scenarios, has grown within the Antarctic community. Given the recent increase in documented reports, here we provide an up-to-date inventory of known terrestrial non-native species introductions, including those subsequently removed since the 1990s, within the Antarctic Treaty area. This builds on earlier syntheses of records published in the mid-2000s, which focused largely on the sub-Antarctic islands, given the dearth of literature available at that time from the continental and maritime Antarctic regions. Reports of non-native species established in the natural environment (i.e. non-synanthropic) are mainly located within the Antarctic Peninsula region and Scotia Arc, with Deception Island, South Shetland Islands, the most impacted area. Non-native plants have generally been removed from sites of introduction, but no established invertebrates have yet been subject to any eradication attempt, despite a recent increase in reports. Legislation within the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty has not kept pace with environmental best practice, potentially presenting difficulties for the practical aspects of non-native species control and eradication. The success of any eradication attempt may be affected by management practices and the biology of the target species under polar conditions. Practical management action is only likely to succeed with greater co-operation and improved communication and engagement by nations and industries operating in the region.
Año: 2015
Palabras claves: Antarctic Treaty area, Environmental Protocol, Alien species, Biosecurity, Invasion, Eradication.
Referencia APA: Hughes, K., Pertierra, L., Molina-Montenegro, M., & Convey, P. (2015). Biological invasions in terrestrial Antarctica: what is the current status and can we respond?. Biodiversity And Conservation, 24(5), 1031-1055.
Assimilation of GRACE Terrestrial Water Storage Observations into a Land Surface Model for the Assessment of Regional Flood Potential.
Reager, J., Thomas, A., Sproles, E., Rodell, M., Beaudoing, H., Li, B., & Famiglietti, J.
We evaluate performance of the Catchment Land Surface Model (CLSM) under flood conditions after the assimilation of observations of the terrestrial water storage anomaly (TWSA) from NASA’s Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). Assimilation offers three key benefits for the viability of GRACE observations to operational applications: (1) near-real time analysis; (2) a downscaling of GRACE’s coarse spatial resolution; and (3) state disaggregation of the vertically-integrated TWSA. We select the 2011 flood event in the Missouri river basin as a case study, and find that assimilation generally made the model wetter in the months preceding flood. We compare model outputs with observations from 14 USGS groundwater wells to assess improvements after assimilation. Finally, we examine disaggregated water storage information to improve the mechanistic understanding of event generation. Validation establishes that assimilation improved the model skill substantially, increasing regional groundwater anomaly correlation from 0.58 to 0.86. For the 2011 flood event in the Missouri river basin, results show that groundwater and snow water equivalent were contributors to pre-event flood potential, providing spatially-distributed early warning information.
Año: 2015
Palabras claves: GRACE; gravity; flood; assimilation.
Referencia APA: Reager, J., Thomas, A., Sproles, E., Rodell, M., Beaudoing, H., Li, B., & Famiglietti, J. (2015). Assimilation of GRACE Terrestrial Water Storage Observations into a Land Surface Model for the Assessment of Regional Flood Potential. Remote Sensing, 7(11), 14663-14679.
Late Quaternary climate change, relict populations and present-day refugia in the northern Atacama Desert: a case study from Quebrada La Higuera (18° S).
Mujica, M., Latorre, C., Maldonado, A., González-Silvestre, L., Pinto, R., de Pol-Holz, R., & Santoro, C.
In deserts, past climate change (and particularly past rainfall variability) plays a large role in explaining current plant species distributions. We ask which species were most and which were least affected by changes in rainfall during the late Quaternary in northernmost Chile.
Año: 2015
Palabras claves: Altiplano; Atacama Desert; central Andes; late Quaternary; pluvial events; refugia; relict populations; rodent middens.
Referencia APA: Mujica, M., Latorre, C., Maldonado, A., González-Silvestre, L., Pinto, R., de Pol-Holz, R., & Santoro, C. (2015). Late Quaternary climate change, relict populations and present-day refugia in the northern Atacama Desert: a case study from Quebrada La Higuera (18° S). Journal Of Biogeography, 42(1), 76-88.
Ancient and modern introduction of Broussonetia papyrifera ([L.] Vent.; Moraceae) into the Pacific: genetic, geographical and historical evidence.
González-Lorca, J., Rivera-Hutinel, A., Moncada, X., Lobos, S., Seelenfreund, D., & Seelenfreund, A.
Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. (Moraceae), or paper mulberry, is a species of cultural importance in South East Asia, East Asia and the Pacific. Originally from mainland South East Asia or East Asia, this plant was introduced into the Pacific range by prehistoric Austronesian voyagers. We used non-coding internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) on 79 samples of B. papyrifera from different islands of Remote Oceania, and South East Asia and East Asia. Our results show an absence of genetic diversity in the introduced range of Remote Oceania, with the sole exception of Hawaii. By contrast, Asian samples show genetic diversity. The data obtained suggest a prehistoric human-mediated introduction of this species from East Asia to Remote Oceania and a second, possibly historic, human-mediated introduction to Hawaii.
Año: 2015
Palabras claves: Asia, human-mediated dispersal, ISSR, ITS, paper mulberry, Polynesia.
Referencia APA: González-Lorca, J., Rivera-Hutinel, A., Moncada, X., Lobos, S., Seelenfreund, D., & Seelenfreund, A. (2015). Ancient and modern introduction of Broussonetia papyrifera ([L.] Vent.; Moraceae) into the Pacific: genetic, geographical and historical evidence. New Zealand Journal Of Botany, 53(2), 75-89
Sampling of riverine litter with citizen scientists — findings and recommendations.
Rech, S., Macaya-Caquilpán, V., Pantoja, J., Rivadeneira, M., Campodónico, C., & Thiel, M.
The quantity and composition of litter at riversides and in the surface waters, as well as the occurrence of illegal dumping sites, were studied along four rivers in Chile. Data generated by volunteers were compared to the results from a professional survey, using an identical protocol. Litter was found in considerable quantities at the riversides and in the surface waters at all the sites investigated. A generalized linear mixed model analysis showed that the recorded litter densities did not differ between volunteers and professionals, even after controlling for river, site, or distance between sampling locations, demonstrating that the volunteers successfully applied the sampling protocol. Differences occurred with respect to litter composition, which is most likely due to difficulties in the classification of litter items and particles and to the underestimation of litter present in surface water samples. Even though this study was only conducted at a small number of rivers and sites, a comparatively consistent pattern of direct and intentional litter deposition at riversides was recorded, highlighting that river basins require more protection. The results also show that the citizen science approach can be a suitable means for more extensive litter surveys at riversides and in other natural environments.
Año: 2015
Palabras claves: Citizen science, Data validation, Litter abundance, Litter sources, Riverine litter, Floating microplastics.
Referencia APA: Rech, S., Macaya-Caquilpán, V., Pantoja, J., Rivadeneira, M., Campodónico, C., & Thiel, M. (2015). Sampling of riverine litter with citizen scientists — findings and recommendations. Environmental Monitoring And Assessment, 187(6).
Geographic patterns of diversification and the latitudinal gradient of richness of rocky intertidal gastropods: the ‘into the tropical museum’ hypothesis.
Rivadeneira, M., Alballay, A., Villafaña, J., Raimondi, P., Blanchette, C., & Fenberg, P.
The existence of a canonical LGR in rocky intertidal gastropods can be explained by the combined effect of reduced extinction rates in the tropics and the range expansion of taxa from the extra-tropics toward the tropics, in what we have called the ‘into the tropical museum’ hypothesis.
Año: 2015
Palabras claves: Biodiversity; dispersal; diversification dynamics; extinction; fossil record; origination.
Referencia APA: Rivadeneira, M., Alballay, A., Villafaña, J., Raimondi, P., Blanchette, C., & Fenberg, P. (2015). Geographic patterns of diversification and the latitudinal gradient of richness of rocky intertidal gastropods: the ‘into the tropical museum’ hypothesis. Global Ecology And Biogeography, 24(10), 1149-1158.
Mid Holocene radiocarbon ages in the Subtropical Andes (∼29°–35° S), climatic change and implications for human space organization.
Méndez, C., Gil, A., Neme, G., Nuevo Delaunay, A., Cortegoso, V., & Huidobro, C., Durán, V., Maldonado, A.
This article discusses the distribution of radiocarbon age signatures obtained from archeological sites between 29° and 35° S in Central Chile and Midwest Argentina. The goal of this analysis is to establish bases from which to interpret regional trends in the distribution of the archaeological record that connect these areas, which have been traditionally considered to be geographically decoupled. We propose a standardized methodology for selecting ages that provide a reliable human signature. Variations in date frequencies in a regional scale are discussed with the use of summed probability distributions. Radiocarbon voids at the regional level previously identified in Midwest Argentina are explored. Regional chronological information is compared to the available paleoenvironmental records, thereby emphasizing the possible role of climate pulses in the spatial organization of human populations. Significant arid conditions between 7800 and 5700 cal BP are coincidental with a focused occupation of the Andes Mountains, an area which may have offered stable resources and thus was more effectively occupied than other environmental bands.
Año: 2015
Palabras claves: Radiocarbon dates; Climate change; Human paleoecology; Hunter–gatherers; Mid-Holocene; Subtropical Andes.
Referencia APA: Méndez, C., Gil, A., Neme, G., Nuevo Delaunay, A., Cortegoso, V., Huidobro, C., Durán, V. & Maldonado, A. (2015). Mid Holocene radiocarbon ages in the Subtropical Andes (∼29°–35° S), climatic change and implications for human space organization. Quaternary International, 356, 15-26.
Positive interactions by cushion plants in high mountains: fact or artifact?.
Molina-Montenegro, M., Oses, R., Acuña-Rodríguez, I., Fardella, C., Badano, E., & Torres-Morales, P. et al.
Positive interactions are defined as non-trophic interactions where at least one of the interacting species is benefited in terms of fitness and the other remains unaffected. Nevertheless, the bidirectional feedbacks between species may be positive, neutral or negative. Thus, if facilitated species induce negative effects on their ‘nurses’, the assumed definition of positive interactions could be reconsidered.
Año: 2015
Palabras claves: Cushion plants, facilitation, nurse effect, positive interactions, stress gradient hypothesis.
Referencia APA: Molina-Montenegro, M., Oses, R., Acuña-Rodríguez, I., Fardella, C., Badano, E., & Torres-Morales, P. et al. (2015). Positive interactions by cushion plants in high mountains: fact or artifact?. Journal Of Plant Ecology, 9(2), 117-123
Antarctic Ecology One Century after the Conquest of the South Pole: How Much Have We Advanced?.
Acuna-Rodriguez, I., Gianoli, E., Carrasco-Urra, F., Stotz, G., Salgado-Luarte, C., Rios, R., & Molina-Montenegro, M.
The knowledge derived from Antarctic ecology may be fundamental for facing the complex environmental future of the world. As an early-warning system, a deep understanding of Antarctic ecosystems is therefore needed, but Antarctic ecology as a field is still very young and currently under consolidation. Around the world, 55 nations are involved in this task through their research programs, and, considering the importance of this joint effort, we evaluate some basic trends of their publications through a wide bibliographical review of Antarctic ecology. All ecology-related Antarctic papers published for 106 years (1904–2010) were reviewed. A lack of population and ecosystem research was observed, even in Animalia, the most studied kingdom. The publications originated mainly in developed countries; however, emerging countries have increased their participation in recent years. The current trends of Antarctic ecology as a field show a constant but low representation in both Antarctic science and ecology.
Año: 2014
Palabras claves: Antarctic ecology, scientific publications, Antarctic research, international territorial administration, Web of Science
Referencia APA: Acuna-Rodriguez, I., Gianoli, E., Carrasco-Urra, F., Stotz, G., Salgado-Luarte, C., Rios, R., & Molina-Montenegro, M. (2014). Antarctic Ecology One Century after the Conquest of the South Pole: How Much Have We Advanced?. Bioscience, 64(7), 593-600.
Quinoa biodiversity and sustainability for food security under climate change.
Ruiz, K., Biondi, S., Oses, R., Acuña-Rodríguez, I., Antognoni, F., & Martinez-Mosqueira, E. et al.
Climate change is rapidly degrading the conditions of crop production. For instance, increasing salinization and aridity is forecasted to increase in most parts of the world. As a consequence, new stress-tolerant species and genotypes must be identified and used for future agriculture. Stress-tolerant species exist but are actually underutilized and neglected. Many stress-tolerant species are indeed traditional crops that are only cultivated by farmers at a local scale. Those species have a high biodiversity value. Besides, the human population will probably reach nine billion within coming decades. To keep pace with population growth, food production must increase dramatically despite the limited availability of cultivable land and water. Here, we review the benefits of quinoa, Chenopodium quinoa Willd., a seed crop that has endured the harsh bioclimatic conditions of the Andes since ancient times. Although the crop is still mainly produced in Bolivia and Peru, agronomic trials and cultivation are spreading to many other countries. Quinoa maintains productivity on rather poor soils and under conditions of water shortage and high salinity. Moreover, quinoa seeds are an exceptionally nutritious food source, owing to their high protein content with all essential amino acids, lack of gluten, and high content of several minerals, e.g., Ca, Mg, Fe, and health-promoting compounds such as flavonoids. Quinoa has a vast genetic diversity resulting from its fragmented and localized production over the centuries in the Andean region, from Ecuador to southern Chile, and from sea level to the altiplano. Quinoa can be adapted to diverse agroecological conditions worldwide. Year 2013 has therefore been declared the International Year of Quinoa by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. Here, we review the main characteristics of quinoa, its origin and genetic diversity, its exceptional tolerance to drought and salinity, its nutritional properties, the reasons why this crop can offer several ecosystem services, and the role of Andean farmers in preserving its agrobiodiversity. Finally, we propose a schematic model integrating the fundamental factors that should determine the future utilization of quinoa, in terms of food security, biodiversity conservation, and cultural identity.
Año: 2014
Palabras claves: Agrobiodiversity, Quinoa, Food security, Food quality, Stress tolerance, Andean farmers, Sustainability.
Referencia APA: Ruiz, K., Biondi, S., Oses, R., Acuña-Rodríguez, I., Antognoni, F., & Martinez-Mosqueira, E. et al. (2014). Quinoa biodiversity and sustainability for food security under climate change. A review. Agronomy For Sustainable Development, 34(2), 349-359.
Water Quality Assessment of the Mining-Impacted Elqui River Basin, Chile.
Ribeiro, L., Kretschmer, N., Nascimento, J., Buxo, A., Rötting, T., & Soto, G., Soto, M., Oyarzún, J., Maturana, H., Oyarzún, R.
Multivariate data analysis techniques were used to identify the interrelationships between the physical–chemical analyses of 22 parameters sampled monthly from 1991 to 2007 at 16 monitoring stations along the Elqui river and its tributaries to characterize the scale of the geogenic and anthropogenic impacts on the river’s water quality. Principal component analysis was used to identify the differences and similarities between variables in the watershed. Factorial indices, computed to highlight the sections of the river and tributaries more influenced by hydrothermal, mining or agricultural activities, made it possible to synthesize groups of parameters with similar characteristics into a single value.
Año: 2014
Palabras claves: Acid drainage, Arid zones, Elqui river, Mining pollution, PCA.
Referencia APA: Ribeiro, L., Kretschmer, N., Nascimento, J., Buxo, A., Rötting, T., & Soto, G., Soto, M., Oyarzún, J., Maturana, H., Oyarzún, R. (2014). Water Quality Assessment of the Mining-Impacted Elqui River Basin, Chile. Mine Water And The Environment, 33(2), 165-176.
EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world’s birds and mammals.
Wilman, H., Belmaker, J., Simpson, J., de la Rosa, C., Rivadeneira, M., & Jetz, W.
Species are characterized by physiological, behavioral, and ecological attributes that are all subject to varying evolutionary and ecological constraints and jointly determine species' role and function in ecosystems. Attributes such as diet, foraging strata, foraging time, and body size, in particular, characterize a large portion of the “Eltonian” niches of species. Here we present a global species-level compilation of these key attributes for all 9993 and 5400 extant bird and mammal species derived from key literature sources. Global handbooks and monographs allowed the consistent sourcing of attributes for most species. For diet and foraging stratum we followed a defined protocol to translate the verbal descriptions into standardized, semiquantitative information about relative importance of different categories. Together with body size (continuous) and activity time (categorical) this enables a much finer distinction of species' foraging ecology than typical categorical guild assignments allow. Attributes lacking information for specific species are flagged, and interpolated values based on taxonomy are provided instead. The presented data set is limited by, among others, these select cases missing observed data, by errors and uncertainty in the expert assessment as presented in the literature, and by the lack of intraspecific information. However, the standardized and transparent nature and complete global coverage of the data set should support an array of potential studies in biogeography, community ecology, macroevolution, global change biology, and conservation. Potential uses include comparative work involving these traits as focal or secondary variables, ecological research on the trait or trophic structure of communities, or conservation science concerned with the loss of function among species or in ecosystems in a changing world. We hope that this publication will spur the sharing, collaborative curation, and extension of data to the benefit of a more integrative, rigorous, and global biodiversity science.
Año: 2014
Palabras claves: Bird; body size; diet; eco-informatics; foraging; function; mammal; mass; niche; stratum; traits; vertebrate.
Referencia APA: Wilman, H., Belmaker, J., Simpson, J., de la Rosa, C., Rivadeneira, M., & Jetz, W. (2014). EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology, 95(7), 2027-2027.